diff --git a/include/libvideo2x/libplacebo.h b/include/libvideo2x/libplacebo.h
index 647672e..b8ab418 100644
--- a/include/libvideo2x/libplacebo.h
+++ b/include/libvideo2x/libplacebo.h
@@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ extern "C" {
 }
 
 int init_libplacebo(
-    AVBufferRef *hw_ctx,
     AVFilterGraph **filter_graph,
     AVFilterContext **buffersrc_ctx,
     AVFilterContext **buffersink_ctx,
     AVCodecContext *dec_ctx,
     int out_width,
     int out_height,
+    uint32_t vk_device_index,
     const std::filesystem::path &shader_path
 );
 
diff --git a/include/libvideo2x/libplacebo_filter.h b/include/libvideo2x/libplacebo_filter.h
index f03a8ef..aed1b4f 100644
--- a/include/libvideo2x/libplacebo_filter.h
+++ b/include/libvideo2x/libplacebo_filter.h
@@ -17,15 +17,21 @@ class LibplaceboFilter : public Filter {
     AVFilterGraph *filter_graph;
     AVFilterContext *buffersrc_ctx;
     AVFilterContext *buffersink_ctx;
+    uint32_t vk_device_index;
+    const std::filesystem::path shader_path;
     int out_width;
     int out_height;
-    const std::filesystem::path shader_path;
     AVRational in_time_base;
     AVRational out_time_base;
 
    public:
     // Constructor
-    LibplaceboFilter(int width, int height, const std::filesystem::path &shader_path);
+    LibplaceboFilter(
+        uint32_t vk_device_index,
+        const std::filesystem::path &shader_path,
+        int width,
+        int height
+    );
 
     // Destructor
     virtual ~LibplaceboFilter() override;
diff --git a/src/libplacebo.cpp b/src/libplacebo.cpp
index feaf052..5d446d9 100644
--- a/src/libplacebo.cpp
+++ b/src/libplacebo.cpp
@@ -2,25 +2,37 @@
 
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string>
 
 extern "C" {
+#include <libavutil/dict.h>
 #include <libavutil/opt.h>
 }
 
 #include <spdlog/spdlog.h>
 
 int init_libplacebo(
-    AVBufferRef *hw_ctx,
     AVFilterGraph **filter_graph,
     AVFilterContext **buffersrc_ctx,
     AVFilterContext **buffersink_ctx,
     AVCodecContext *dec_ctx,
     int out_width,
     int out_height,
+    uint32_t vk_device_index,
     const std::filesystem::path &shader_path
 ) {
     int ret;
 
+    // Create the Vulkan hardware device context
+    AVBufferRef *vk_hw_device_ctx = nullptr;
+    ret = av_hwdevice_ctx_create(
+        &vk_hw_device_ctx, AV_HWDEVICE_TYPE_VULKAN, std::to_string(vk_device_index).c_str(), NULL, 0
+    );
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        spdlog::error("Failed to create Vulkan hardware device context.");
+        return ret;
+    }
+
     AVFilterGraph *graph = avfilter_graph_alloc();
     if (!graph) {
         spdlog::error("Unable to create filter graph.");
@@ -106,9 +118,8 @@ int init_libplacebo(
     }
 
     // Set the hardware device context to Vulkan
-    if (hw_ctx != nullptr) {
-        libplacebo_ctx->hw_device_ctx = av_buffer_ref(hw_ctx);
-    }
+    libplacebo_ctx->hw_device_ctx = av_buffer_ref(vk_hw_device_ctx);
+    av_buffer_unref(&vk_hw_device_ctx);
 
     // Link buffersrc to libplacebo
     ret = avfilter_link(last_filter, 0, libplacebo_ctx, 0);
diff --git a/src/libplacebo_filter.cpp b/src/libplacebo_filter.cpp
index 36f8965..22947c7 100644
--- a/src/libplacebo_filter.cpp
+++ b/src/libplacebo_filter.cpp
@@ -9,16 +9,18 @@
 #include "libplacebo.h"
 
 LibplaceboFilter::LibplaceboFilter(
+    uint32_t vk_device_index,
+    const std::filesystem::path &shader_path,
     int out_width,
-    int out_height,
-    const std::filesystem::path &shader_path
+    int out_height
 )
     : filter_graph(nullptr),
       buffersrc_ctx(nullptr),
       buffersink_ctx(nullptr),
+      vk_device_index(vk_device_index),
+      shader_path(std::move(shader_path)),
       out_width(out_width),
-      out_height(out_height),
-      shader_path(std::move(shader_path)) {}
+      out_height(out_height) {}
 
 LibplaceboFilter::~LibplaceboFilter() {
     if (buffersrc_ctx) {
@@ -35,7 +37,7 @@ LibplaceboFilter::~LibplaceboFilter() {
     }
 }
 
-int LibplaceboFilter::init(AVCodecContext *dec_ctx, AVCodecContext *enc_ctx, AVBufferRef *hw_ctx) {
+int LibplaceboFilter::init(AVCodecContext *dec_ctx, AVCodecContext *enc_ctx, AVBufferRef *_) {
     // Construct the shader path
     std::filesystem::path shader_full_path;
     if (filepath_is_readable(shader_path)) {
@@ -61,13 +63,13 @@ int LibplaceboFilter::init(AVCodecContext *dec_ctx, AVCodecContext *enc_ctx, AVB
 
     // Initialize the libplacebo filter
     int ret = init_libplacebo(
-        hw_ctx,
         &filter_graph,
         &buffersrc_ctx,
         &buffersink_ctx,
         dec_ctx,
         out_width,
         out_height,
+        vk_device_index,
         shader_full_path
     );
 
diff --git a/src/libvideo2x.cpp b/src/libvideo2x.cpp
index 0d55d45..354c697 100644
--- a/src/libvideo2x.cpp
+++ b/src/libvideo2x.cpp
@@ -413,7 +413,10 @@ extern "C" int process_video(
             return -1;
         }
         filter = new LibplaceboFilter{
-            config.out_width, config.out_height, std::filesystem::path(config.shader_path)
+            vk_device_index,
+            std::filesystem::path(config.shader_path),
+            config.out_width,
+            config.out_height
         };
     } else if (filter_config->filter_type == FILTER_REALESRGAN) {
         const auto &config = filter_config->config.realesrgan;
diff --git a/src/video2x.cpp b/src/video2x.cpp
index c7f3078..84ff597 100644
--- a/src/video2x.cpp
+++ b/src/video2x.cpp
@@ -702,7 +702,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
         spdlog::warn("Video processing aborted");
         return 2;
     } else if (proc_ret != 0) {
-        spdlog::error("Video processing failed with error code {}", proc_ret);
+        spdlog::critical("Video processing failed with error code {}", proc_ret);
         return 1;
     } else {
         spdlog::info("Video processed successfully");