diff --git a/tools/video2x/include/argparse.h b/tools/video2x/include/argparse.h
index 886458b..5c1a7d6 100644
--- a/tools/video2x/include/argparse.h
+++ b/tools/video2x/include/argparse.h
@@ -16,11 +16,11 @@ struct Arguments {
 [[nodiscard]] int parse_args(
     int argc,
 #ifdef _WIN32
-    wchar_t *argv[],
+    wchar_t* argv[],
 #else
-    char *argv[],
+    char* argv[],
 #endif
-    Arguments &arguments,
-    video2x::processors::ProcessorConfig &proc_cfg,
-    video2x::encoder::EncoderConfig &enc_cfg
+    Arguments& arguments,
+    video2x::processors::ProcessorConfig& proc_cfg,
+    video2x::encoder::EncoderConfig& enc_cfg
 );
diff --git a/tools/video2x/include/newline_safe_sink.h b/tools/video2x/include/newline_safe_sink.h
index bad1320..03b5a1b 100644
--- a/tools/video2x/include/newline_safe_sink.h
+++ b/tools/video2x/include/newline_safe_sink.h
@@ -9,10 +9,10 @@ class newline_safe_sink : public spdlog::sinks::ansicolor_stdout_sink_mt {
     newline_safe_sink() = default;
     ~newline_safe_sink() = default;
 
-    newline_safe_sink(const newline_safe_sink &) = delete;
-    newline_safe_sink &operator=(const newline_safe_sink &) = delete;
+    newline_safe_sink(const newline_safe_sink&) = delete;
+    newline_safe_sink& operator=(const newline_safe_sink&) = delete;
 
-    void log(const spdlog::details::log_msg &msg);
+    void log(const spdlog::details::log_msg& msg);
 
     void set_needs_newline(bool needs_newline) { needs_newline_.store(needs_newline); };
     bool get_needs_newline() { return needs_newline_.load(); };
diff --git a/tools/video2x/include/validators.h b/tools/video2x/include/validators.h
index 12e11cd..b81875f 100644
--- a/tools/video2x/include/validators.h
+++ b/tools/video2x/include/validators.h
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 namespace po = boost::program_options;
 
 template <typename T>
-void validate_positive(const T &value, const std::string &option_name) {
+void validate_positive(const T& value, const std::string& option_name) {
     if (value < 0) {
         throw po::validation_error(
             po::validation_error::invalid_option_value,
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ void validate_positive(const T &value, const std::string &option_name) {
 }
 
 template <typename T>
-void validate_min(const T &value, const std::string &option_name, const T &min) {
+void validate_min(const T& value, const std::string& option_name, const T& min) {
     if (value < min) {
         throw po::validation_error(
             po::validation_error::invalid_option_value,
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ void validate_min(const T &value, const std::string &option_name, const T &min)
 }
 
 template <typename T>
-void validate_max(const T &value, const std::string &option_name, const T &max) {
+void validate_max(const T& value, const std::string& option_name, const T& max) {
     if (value > max) {
         throw po::validation_error(
             po::validation_error::invalid_option_value,
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ void validate_max(const T &value, const std::string &option_name, const T &max)
 }
 
 template <typename T>
-void validate_range(const T &value, const std::string &option_name, const T &min, const T &max) {
+void validate_range(const T& value, const std::string& option_name, const T& min, const T& max) {
     if (value < min || value > max) {
         throw po::validation_error(
             po::validation_error::invalid_option_value,
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ void validate_range(const T &value, const std::string &option_name, const T &min
 }
 
 template <typename T>
-void validate_greater_equal_one(const T &value, const std::string &option_name) {
+void validate_greater_equal_one(const T& value, const std::string& option_name) {
     if (value < 1) {
         throw po::validation_error(
             po::validation_error::invalid_option_value,
@@ -61,10 +61,10 @@ void validate_greater_equal_one(const T &value, const std::string &option_name)
     }
 }
 
-void validate_anime4k_shader_name(const video2x::fsutils::StringType &shader_name);
+void validate_anime4k_shader_name(const video2x::fsutils::StringType& shader_name);
 
-void validate_realesrgan_model_name(const video2x::fsutils::StringType &model_name);
+void validate_realesrgan_model_name(const video2x::fsutils::StringType& model_name);
 
-void validate_realcugan_model_name(const video2x::fsutils::StringType &model_name);
+void validate_realcugan_model_name(const video2x::fsutils::StringType& model_name);
 
-void validate_rife_model_name(const video2x::fsutils::StringType &model_name);
+void validate_rife_model_name(const video2x::fsutils::StringType& model_name);
diff --git a/tools/video2x/include/vulkan_utils.h b/tools/video2x/include/vulkan_utils.h
index 26ee298..13eb969 100644
--- a/tools/video2x/include/vulkan_utils.h
+++ b/tools/video2x/include/vulkan_utils.h
@@ -4,4 +4,4 @@
 
 int list_vulkan_devices();
 
-int get_vulkan_device_prop(uint32_t vk_device_index, VkPhysicalDeviceProperties *dev_props);
+int get_vulkan_device_prop(uint32_t vk_device_index, VkPhysicalDeviceProperties* dev_props);
diff --git a/tools/video2x/src/argparse.cpp b/tools/video2x/src/argparse.cpp
index b32c26e..54218c1 100644
--- a/tools/video2x/src/argparse.cpp
+++ b/tools/video2x/src/argparse.cpp
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 namespace po = boost::program_options;
 
 #ifdef _WIN32
-std::string wstring_to_u8string(const std::wstring &wstr) {
+std::string wstring_to_u8string(const std::wstring& wstr) {
     if (wstr.empty()) {
         return std::string();
     }
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ std::string wstring_to_u8string(const std::wstring &wstr) {
     return converted_str;
 }
 #else
-std::string wstring_to_u8string(const std::string &str) {
+std::string wstring_to_u8string(const std::string& str) {
     return str;
 }
 #endif
@@ -54,13 +54,13 @@ std::string wstring_to_u8string(const std::string &str) {
 int parse_args(
     int argc,
 #ifdef _WIN32
-    wchar_t *argv[],
+    wchar_t* argv[],
 #else
-    char *argv[],
+    char* argv[],
 #endif
-    Arguments &arguments,
-    video2x::processors::ProcessorConfig &proc_cfg,
-    video2x::encoder::EncoderConfig &enc_cfg
+    Arguments& arguments,
+    video2x::processors::ProcessorConfig& proc_cfg,
+    video2x::encoder::EncoderConfig& enc_cfg
 ) {
     try {
         // clang-format off
@@ -310,7 +310,7 @@ int parse_args(
         enc_cfg.codec = AV_CODEC_ID_H264;
         if (vm.count("codec")) {
             video2x::fsutils::StringType codec_str = vm["codec"].as<video2x::fsutils::StringType>();
-            const AVCodec *codec =
+            const AVCodec* codec =
                 avcodec_find_encoder_by_name(wstring_to_u8string(codec_str).c_str());
             if (codec == nullptr) {
                 video2x::logger()->critical(
@@ -342,7 +342,7 @@ int parse_args(
 
         // Parse extra AVOptions
         if (vm.count("extra-encoder-option")) {
-            for (const auto &opt :
+            for (const auto& opt :
                  vm["extra-encoder-option"].as<std::vector<video2x::fsutils::StringType>>()) {
                 size_t eq_pos = opt.find('=');
                 if (eq_pos != video2x::fsutils::StringType::npos) {
@@ -467,10 +467,10 @@ int parse_args(
                 video2x::logger()->critical("Invalid processor type.");
                 return -1;
         }
-    } catch (const po::error &e) {
+    } catch (const po::error& e) {
         video2x::logger()->critical("Error parsing arguments: {}", e.what());
         return -1;
-    } catch (const std::exception &e) {
+    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
         video2x::logger()->critical(
             "Unexpected exception caught while parsing options: {}", e.what()
         );
diff --git a/tools/video2x/src/newline_safe_sink.cpp b/tools/video2x/src/newline_safe_sink.cpp
index 59cc654..27afd91 100644
--- a/tools/video2x/src/newline_safe_sink.cpp
+++ b/tools/video2x/src/newline_safe_sink.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #include "newline_safe_sink.h"
 
-void newline_safe_sink::log(const spdlog::details::log_msg &msg) {
+void newline_safe_sink::log(const spdlog::details::log_msg& msg) {
     if (needs_newline_.exchange(false)) {
         std::fputs("\n", stdout);
     }
diff --git a/tools/video2x/src/validators.cpp b/tools/video2x/src/validators.cpp
index 14ef5e0..f2fbbda 100644
--- a/tools/video2x/src/validators.cpp
+++ b/tools/video2x/src/validators.cpp
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 #include <unordered_set>
 
-void validate_anime4k_shader_name(const video2x::fsutils::StringType &shader_name) {
+void validate_anime4k_shader_name(const video2x::fsutils::StringType& shader_name) {
     static const std::unordered_set<video2x::fsutils::StringType> valid_anime4k_shaders = {
         STR("anime4k-v4-a"),
         STR("anime4k-v4-a+a"),
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ void validate_anime4k_shader_name(const video2x::fsutils::StringType &shader_nam
     }
 }
 
-void validate_realesrgan_model_name(const video2x::fsutils::StringType &model_name) {
+void validate_realesrgan_model_name(const video2x::fsutils::StringType& model_name) {
     static const std::unordered_set<video2x::fsutils::StringType> valid_realesrgan_models = {
         STR("realesrgan-plus"), STR("realesrgan-plus-anime"), STR("realesr-animevideov3")
     };
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ void validate_realesrgan_model_name(const video2x::fsutils::StringType &model_na
     }
 }
 
-void validate_realcugan_model_name(const video2x::fsutils::StringType &model_name) {
+void validate_realcugan_model_name(const video2x::fsutils::StringType& model_name) {
     static const std::unordered_set<video2x::fsutils::StringType> valid_realcugan_models = {
         STR("models-nose"), STR("models-pro"), STR("models-se")
     };
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ void validate_realcugan_model_name(const video2x::fsutils::StringType &model_nam
     }
 }
 
-void validate_rife_model_name(const video2x::fsutils::StringType &model_name) {
+void validate_rife_model_name(const video2x::fsutils::StringType& model_name) {
     static const std::unordered_set<video2x::fsutils::StringType> valid_rife_models = {
         STR("rife"),
         STR("rife-HD"),
diff --git a/tools/video2x/src/video2x.cpp b/tools/video2x/src/video2x.cpp
index f5b8e0c..6a669f9 100644
--- a/tools/video2x/src/video2x.cpp
+++ b/tools/video2x/src/video2x.cpp
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ std::tuple<int, int, int> calculate_time_components(int time_elapsed) {
 }
 
 #ifdef _WIN32
-int wmain(int argc, wchar_t *argv[]) {
+int wmain(int argc, wchar_t* argv[]) {
     // Set console output code page to UTF-8
     SetConsoleOutputCP(CP_UTF8);
 
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ int wmain(int argc, wchar_t *argv[]) {
     console_mode |= ENABLE_VIRTUAL_TERMINAL_PROCESSING;
     SetConsoleMode(console_handle, console_mode);
 #else
-int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
 #endif
     // Initialize newline-safe logger with custom formatting pattern
     std::shared_ptr<newline_safe_sink> logger_sink = std::make_shared<newline_safe_sink>();
diff --git a/tools/video2x/src/vulkan_utils.cpp b/tools/video2x/src/vulkan_utils.cpp
index 6bb2c97..7950597 100644
--- a/tools/video2x/src/vulkan_utils.cpp
+++ b/tools/video2x/src/vulkan_utils.cpp
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 
 #include <libvideo2x/logger_manager.h>
 
-static int enumerate_vulkan_devices(VkInstance *instance, std::vector<VkPhysicalDevice> &devices) {
+static int enumerate_vulkan_devices(VkInstance* instance, std::vector<VkPhysicalDevice>& devices) {
     // Create a Vulkan instance
     VkInstanceCreateInfo create_info{};
     create_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_INSTANCE_CREATE_INFO;
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ int list_vulkan_devices() {
     return 0;
 }
 
-int get_vulkan_device_prop(uint32_t vk_device_index, VkPhysicalDeviceProperties *dev_props) {
+int get_vulkan_device_prop(uint32_t vk_device_index, VkPhysicalDeviceProperties* dev_props) {
     if (dev_props == nullptr) {
         video2x::logger()->error("Invalid device properties pointer.");
         return -1;